Subjunctive
After certain verbs:
He proposed that I be [Tense (tense less) to ﺑﺪون ﻣﺼﺪر] in Tehran the day before yesterday. [Time (past)]
He asked that I lent? him 1 million dollars.
He insisted that I go on travel/go traveling with him.
He desired that we move into Mashhad.
He preferred that I be in Mashhad rather than/instead of Tehran.
ﺑﻌﺪ از اﺳﻢ ﻫﺎي ﻓﻌﻞ ﻫﺎي ﻣﺬﮐﻮر ﻧﯿﺰ روﻧﺪ ﻣﺸﺎﺑﻬﯽ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺮح ذﯾﻞ وﺟﻮد دارد
Your proposal that I be in Tehran next week is illogical.
در اﯾﻦ ﺟﻤﻠﻪ clause that ﭼﻮن اﻃﻼﻋﺎﺗﯽ در ﻣﻮرد اﺳﻢ ﻣﺎﻗﺒﻞ ﺧﻮد ﻣﯽدﻫﺪ ﻧﻘﺶ وﺻﻔﯽ دارد
بعد از این اسم ها infinitive phraseمی اید و یا dependent clause . البته dependent clause در این حالت نقش وصفی دارد
Your proposal for me to be in Tehran next week is illogical.
His insistence that I learn French was absurd.
Your insistence that I be in class for 2 hours is not practical.
Your insistence that I be in party is not possible.
Ali’s suggestion that we not go to the party was not accepted.
ﺑﺮاي ﻣﻨﻔﯽ ﮐﺮدن ﻓﻘﻂ از not اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻣﯽﺷﻮد
ﺑﻌﺪ از ﺻﻔﺎت ﻓﻌﻞﻫﺎي ﻓﻮق روﻧﺪ ﻣﺸﺎﺑﻪ اﺳﺖ. یعنی بعد از ان ها نیز یا infinitive phrase و یا
.ﻣﯽآﯾﺪ dependent clause
It is important to go out.
It is important that you be in Tehran tomorrow.
Adverbial of adjective(ﺻﻔﺖ ﻗﯿﺪ -وﺻﻔﯽ ﻗﯿﺪ)
ﭼﻮن اﻃﻼﻋﺎﺗﯽ در ﻣﻮرد ﺻﻔﺖ ﻣﯽدﻫﺪ ﭘﺲ وﺻﻔﯽ اﺳﺖ
ﻧﮑﺘﻪ: ﺑﻌﺪ از ﺻﻔﺖ ﻓﻘﻂ ﻣﻮارد ذﯾﻞ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻣﯽﺷﻮد
• Infinitive phrase
• Prepositional phrase
• That clauses
I’m interested to study English. در زمان خاصی علاقه داشتن.
I’m interested in studying English. همیشه علاقه داشتن. (اطلاعات عام به ما می دهد)
I’m interested that you be in Tehran.
ﻫﻤﻪ ي adjective.ph. ﻫﺎ از اﯾﻦ ﺳﻪ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺗﺒﻌﯿﺖ ﻣﯽ ﮐﻨﻨﺪ
ﻋﻠﺖ less Tenseﺑﻮدن ﻓﻌﻞ ﺑﻌﺪ از propose و ﺑﺮﺧﯽ ﻓﻌﻞﻫﺎي دﯾﮕﺮ اﯾﻦ اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺑﻌﺪ از اﯾﻦ ﻓﻌﻞ و ﻓﻌﻞﻫﺎ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺷﺨﺼﯽ، ﺟﻤﻠﻪي ﺑﻌﺪ از آن Idea ﺧﻮاﻫﺪ ﺑﻮد. ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﯿﻦ دﻟﯿﻞ ﺑﺪون زﻣﺎن اﺳﺖ. اﮔﺮ
زﻣﺎن داﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ fact ﺧﻮاﻫﺪ ﺑﻮد
I know that you were in Tehran (fact)
I know that you be in Tehran (idea)
اﯾﻦ اﻓﻌﺎل ﻧﻈﺮ ﺷﺨﺼﯽ را اراﺋﻪ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﻨﺪ
ﺗﺮﺟﻤﻪ | verb | noun | adjective |
ﭘﯿﺸﻨﻬﺎد ﮐﺮدن | suggest | Suggestion | Suggested |
ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻪ ﮐﺮدن | Advise | Advise | Advisatory |
درﺧﻮاﺳﺖ | Propose | Proposal | Proposed |
از ﮐﺴﯽ ﺧﻮاﺳﺘﻦ | Ask | Ask(ing) | Asked |
ﻻزم داﻧﺴﺘﻦ | Request | Request | Requested |
ﻻزم داﻧﺴﺘﻦ | Require | Requirement(ing) | Required |
ﻻزم داﻧﺴﺘﻦ | Need | Need | Needed |
| Necessitate | Necessity | Necessary |
| Urge | Urge(ing) | Urgent |
| Insist | Insistence | Insisted |
| Persist | Persistence | Persistent |
| Desire | Desire | Desirable |
| Prefer | Preference | Preferable |
| Demand | Demand | Vital |
| Forbid |
| Basic |
| beg |
| fundamental |
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| Essential |
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| Important |
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| Mandatory |
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| Significant |
و ﻫﺮ ﺻﻔﺘﯽ ﮐﻪ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻪ اي داﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ. ﺑﻌﺪ از اﻓﻌﺎل ﻓﻮق ﻣﯽﺗﻮاﻧﯿﻢ phrase infinitive و ﯾﺎ dependent.cl. اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻧﻤﺎﯾﯿﻢ.
ﻧﮑﺘﻪ: ask ﺑﻪ ﻣﻌﻨﺎي ﭘﺮﺳﯿﺪن ﺟﺰء اﻓﻌﺎل ﻓﻮق ﻧﯿﺴﺖ. و ﺻﺮﻓﺎ اﮔﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻌﻨﺎي درﺧﻮاﺳﺖ ﮐﺮدن ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺻﺤﯿﺢ اﺳﺖ.
ﯾﺎدآوري: ﺗﻔﺎوت gerund با infinitive:
Gerund : ﺑﻪ ﻋﻤﻠﯽ ﮔﻔﺘﻪ ﻣﯽﺷﻮد ﮐﻪ اﺗﻔﺎق اﻓﺘﺎده اﺳﺖ.
Infinitive : ﺑﻪ ﻋﻤﻠﯽ ﮔﻔﺘﻪ ﻣﯿﺸﻮد ﮐﻪ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﻧﯿﺴﺖ اﺗﻔﺎق اﻓﺘﺎده ﯾﺎ ﺧﯿﺮ.
He suggested my going out ﺑﯿﺮون رﻓﺘﻦ ﻣﻦ ﭘﯿﺸﻨﻬﺎد او ﺑﻮد
He suggested me to go out. او ﭘﯿﺸﻨﻬﺎد ﮐﺮد ﮐﻪ ﺑﺮوم ﺑﯿﺮون
He asked me to call him. He asked that I call him. He suggested me that I see my doctor in Tehran as soon as possible. He advised that a large park be built in the center of town. Teacher required that the students study the first three chapters.